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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through chemical communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental elements such as the termites' diet and also the composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been breached or is being assaulted by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Additional procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In some species, a few soldiers obstruct tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they may deliberately rupture themselves as an act of defence.153 In cases where the intrusion is coming out of a violation that is bigger than the soldier's mind, defence demands a special formations where soldiers shape a phalanx-like formation around the breach and bite at intruders.154 When an invasion carried out by Megaponera analis is successful, an entire colony may be ruined, even though this scenario is infrequent.154.

To termites, any breach of their tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential breach, the soldiers normally bang their heads, apparently to entice other soldiers for defence and also to recruit additional workers to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite bumps into other termites which causes them to become alerted and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which is also a means to recruit additional workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae has a specialised caste of soldiers, also known as nasutes, that possess the ability to exude noxious fluids via a horn-like frontal projection that they use for defence.155 Nasutes have dropped their mandibles through the plan of evolution and have to be fed by employees.59 A vast array of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the liquids that nasutes secrete.156 Likewise, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to safeguard their nests.157.

Soldiers of those species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of the cuticles. The thick, yellowish fluid in the gland becomes quite tacky on contact with the atmosphere, entangling ants or other insects which are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, also engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a cube that denies entry to any outsider.161.

Employees use several different approaches to take care of their dead, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse altogether.162163164 To prevent pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate conveys away a corpse in the colony to eliminate it everywhere.165 Which approach is utilized depends on the nature of the corpse a worker is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These small brown chunks, known as"termite balls", rarely kill the eggs, and in certain circumstances the workers tend to them.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behavior exists between different species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This compound mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed innovative pest control appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes enables the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Some species of ant have been known to capture termites to utilize as a fresh food origin after on, rather than killing them. By way of example, Formica nigra captures termites, and people who try to escape are immediately captured and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species move in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants such as Megaponera analis attack the outside of mounds and Dorylinae ants assault underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both inhabited and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants reside in Nasutitermes mounds is due to the termites' frequent occurrence in their own geographical range; another is to protect themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds but no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than a predatory one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites reside inside busy ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and reside inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.